Pastalia is designed on the concept of expressing as many meanings and emotions as possible with as little words as possible. The most simple case is that a Pastalia sentence only contains one word, which is an "Emotion verb". This type of verb is the basis of Pastalia, no Pastalia sentence can be complete without it. There will be one entire section about emotion verb later, since it's very complex.
For now let's take the most simple example ever:
hEmmErYE/. (I will gladly sing)
As with standard Hymmnos, the subject in sentences are always "I". All Pastalia sentences end with /. Though it actually has the meaning of putting the said sentence into operation, in a similar way to hymn names like EXEC_XYZ/. and such, but for simple understanding let's say it is the normal "dot" at the end of our sentences. If it's WAY too emotional, you can replace "/." with "!" and if it's a question use "?" in place of "/."
All Pastalia sentences must express the speaker's emotion towards the matter mentioned in the sentence, with the exception of the Xc=ABC -> XYZ/. grammar, which will be explained later (it's an advanced grammar). The advantage it has compared to standard Hymmnos is that you can explain multiple levels of emotions at once: your own emotion, emotion towards "you" (the person being spoken to) and emotion towards the world, ALL IN ONE VERB. On the other hand, it cannot express the degree of the emotion and whether you want the emotion to last or not like standard Hymmnos can do with their first and third emotion words.
Object
When you want to add an object, just add it after the verb.
Example: hEmmErYE hymmnos/. (I will gladly sing a song)
This is similar to English, and completely reverse of Japanese.
Particles (Prepositions/Postpositions)
For the cases where particles (better known as prepositions/postpositions in English) must be used, add them after the verb and before the object. This is used in case the result of the verb's action affects something outside from you.
Example: you use a particle when you say "give blessing TO the earth" but not when "sing (a) song". It's a bit complex, different from both English and Japanese, but if you see it a lot maybe you'd get used to it. And both Hymmnos dialects have this rule in common.
Example: lElLYEn ut doodu/. (I gladly give blessing to the earth) ("ut" means "to" or "towards")
hEmEmmLYE sonwe/. (I gladly sing a song) (the particle it's omitted in here)
Emotional Verbs
At a first look, words like hYEmmEr or fOwOrYUn look like crazy strings of letters from someone typing with the Shift key holding and releasing at times. But actually, all emotion verbs are combined of 2 parts.
The first part is the "Base Verb", which has looks like these words: h.m.m.r., f.w.r.n., a.u.k., c.z. Basically, these are two and above lower case letters with a dot "." called "Bank Period" between each character. A base verb is already a verb and has meaning, but it does not contain any emotion (and Hymmnos is all about expressing emotion).
The second part is the "Emotion Vowel", which are those upper case letters you see in emotion verbs. Their function is expressing emotions, and in a rather complex way.
Whenever a base verb has at least one emotion vowel, it becomes an emotional verb. Just replace a bank period with an emotion vowel. All other unused bank periods in the base verb are removed.
From left to right, bank periods are called "bank 1", "bank 2"... The smaller the bank number, the higher degree of emotion. In other words, from left to right, the degree of emotion decreases.
Example: h.m.m.r. (base verb: to sing) + E (emotion vowel: happy) + A (emotion vowel: strength/concentration) = hEmmrA (I gladly sing with my strength) (But my happy feeling is higher than my concentration feeling)
Now add /. to the end and we have the complete sentence hEmmrA/. which means "I will gladly sing with my strength".
When a emotion vowel is repeated, that means that the feeling is multiplied (hEmEmrA means that I'm much more happier than hmEmrA).
"x." is a special verb, known as "Subject Definer" that will come into play later (it's used when the subject of the sentence is not the speaker/singer).
Finally, yes, there are cases when bare base verbs are used in sentences, that's the case when verbs are used as nouns that are, then, used as subject. This is a very annoying advanced grammar that I'll explain much later.
Emotion Vowels
Emotion vowels express the subject's (can be the speaker/singer or someone/something else) emotion state when performing the action of the base verb. They are divided into 3 groups, called "Levels".
Level 1: Emotion vowels that express the subject's own feeling.
Level 2: Emotion vowels that express the subject's feeling towards the target being spoken to (usually "you").
Level 3: Emotion vowels that express the subject's feeling towards the people around this place, or all the people around the world (from now on known as "this world").
Here is a list of all emotion vowels and their meanings:
| Oneself | Companion | World |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
As you can see, they are mostly the same, except between A and YA/LYA, though that's not hard to remember. Level 1 vowels will not stay the same, however, when used with "x." (the subject definer). Of course I'll explain this, but later...
Now, this is the bad part: Emotion vowels actually DO show the "target" that's receiving the result of the action, provided that the "target" is either "I", "you" or "this world". This is quite hard to explain, let's say...
Example 1:
Standard Hymmnos: Was yea ra chs hymmnos mea.
Pastalia dialect: cEzE hymmnos/.
They both mean "I will happily turn (myself) into a song". The "mea" in standard Hymmnos means "me", the target of the verb "chs" (turn into). But we don't see anything similar in the Pastalia version. That's because the two "E" vowels in the verb cEzE already defines that "I" am the target of the action (but remember, this is different from the normal "I" being the subject in every Hymmnos sentences).
Example 2:
Standard Hymmnos: Was yea ra chs hymmnos yor.
Pastalia dialect: cEzYE hymmnos/.
They both mean "I will happily turn YOU into a song". See the YE? It means the target of the action "turning into" is you. Furthermore, it also mean the objective of the action "turn you into a song" is for the sake of YOUR happiness. So, if we translate them exactly word by word, not shortening anything:
Was yea ra chs hymmnos yor. = With great happiness and wanting this happiness to last, I turn you into a song.
cEzYE hymmnos/. = With happiness and for the sake of your happiness, I turn you into a song.
Each type of Hymmnos has their own advantage in expressing, as I mentioned earlier.
The same case is applied to level 3 emotion vowels as well.
Subject Definer
Time for the "x." to come into play. Remember that I said all Pastalia (and all Hymmnos, regardless of which dialect) sentences have the speaker/singer as the default subject? Well, now any sentence where the speaker/singer is not a subject will begin with the special verb "x.", also known as subject definer. In fact, most Pastalia lines you see in hymns and songs are this type.
Even though it's special, "x." is still a verb with only one bank period and you can insert an emotion vowel there. What it does is to express the speaker's emotion towards the matter mentioned in the sentence.
Example: xE yorr cEzE hymmnos/. (You will gladly turn into a song, and I feel happy about that)
You can only use Level 1 emotion vowels with subject definer. Their meaning is almost the same as when you use them with emotion verbs:
- A means "I feel neutral about that"
- I means "I feel jealous about that"
- U means "I feel sad/worry about that"
- E means "I feel happy about that"
- O means "I feel angry/malicious about that"
- N means "I feel negative/hatred about that"
In other words, there are only 6 subject definers to begin a Pastalia sentence where "I" is not the subject. They are xA, xE, xU, xO, xI and xN (in order from most common to least common).
Subject
Subjects in Pastalia are quite hard to understand, but once you get it you will be able to use it quite easily (unlike emotion verbs which require a lot of time to figure out).
To make things simple, I'll just list out EVERY possible situations of subject that could ever happen through examples. For a person, we'll use Lazy, and for a non-person thing we'll use "lyuma" (star). Finally, for subject definer we'll use "xA" (I feel neutral about...)
Situation 1: The speaker/singer ("I") as the subject [verb]/.
Very simple, no subject definer needed, since "I" is the default subject in all Hymmnos sentences already.
Situation 2: "You", "He", "She" as the subject xA _____ [verb]/.
Check up the pronouns table above and fill the blank with the correct pronoun for your subject.
Situation 3: A particular person or thing as the subject xA rre ______ [verb]/.
Just add the noun you need. In case of noun phrase that indicates ownership... Well I'll explain it later, in next part.
Example:
- xA rre lazy hYEmEmArA/. (Lazy sings happily)
- xA rre lyuma hYEmEmArA/. (The star sings happily)
Situation 4: "That" or "Those" as the subject
xA sorr [verb]/.
Basically the idea of the last sentence is used as the subject in this sentence... Like this (direct example from METHOD_REPLEKIA/. lyrics, but I removed the emotion parts to make it more simple)
xA harr hLYUmLYUmOrO eje/. (She sings (the song of) her heart)
xA sorr kLYUvLYUr du qejyu/. (Her singing covers all people)
There is a faster way to express this though, through an advanced grammar: verb used as subject (known as "clause" in English). I'll explain it later, as always.
Situation 5: "This" or "These" as the subject
[noun or sentence] <-x [verb]/.
This will be explained in the <-x advanced grammar part.
Noun Phrases That Indicate Ownership
Simply put, those are nouns indicating normal things with an owner, kinda like they belong to someone/something else. There are two types of noun phrases: Things belong to person/people (Lazy's star) and things belong to a non-person thing (sound of waterfall, for example).
Type 1: Thing belonging to person/people
Add an emotional vowel infront of it, making sure that its level corresponds to the grade of person/people you are trying to indicate. The type of emotion in the vowel is also the emotion the owner express when owning the thing. For definite ownership, add a level 1 vowel followed by a lower dash "_" and then the owner's name.
Example:
- Alyuma (My star, which I feel neutral about)
- YIlyuma (Your star, which you feel jealous about)
- LYElyuma (People's star, which they feel happy about)
- Ulyuma_lazy (Lazy's star, which he feel sad about)
This is the only different from how it's used in Standard Hymmnos.
Type 2: Thing belonging to a non-person thing
First noun is the "owner", second noun is the thing being owned. Example:
- zalez ale ("sound of waterfall" or "waterfall's sound")
- zodal sechel ("capital of death" or "death's capital")
Just imagine that there is an invisible "'s" inbetween 2 consecutive nouns. You see on the second example, we use "zodal" (which means "death"), a standard Hymmnos word because there is no Pastalia word with similar meaning, so we have to "borrow" the word from standard Hymmnos.
We also have this example from EXEC_over.METHOD_SUBLIMATION/.~lamenza:
vonn papana ("rain of darkness" or "darkness' rain")
Both words are from standard Hymmnos. But like I said, in EXEC_over.METHOD and EXEC_with.METHOD, vocabulary (not verbs, of course) from both languages can be mixed together.
And finally, both types of "ownership" can be mixed together, but of course this can be a bit complex:
ayulsa Asiance_qejyu (People's ideal land of eternity)
0 comment:
Posting Komentar