Emphasis
Putting "rre" infront of a subject that normally doesn't require it (you, he, she...) will "emphasize" the subject.
Example:
- xA rre herr hYEmmrE/. (He sings, emphasis on "he", to say that it's that person, that "him" and not anyone else)
- xI rre yorr cEzE hymmnos/. (You turn into a song, emphasis on "you", it's "you" and not anyone else who turn into a song)
You can also emphasize the subject "I" by putting subject definer (expressing what you think about your own situation), followed by "rre mea".
Example:
xU rre mea hAmmrA hymmnos/. (I sing the song with all my strength, emphasis on "I", and also express that I feel sad about my own singing)
Passive voice
Simply add "eh" after the emotion verb to change the sentence totally from active to passive voice.
Example: xU rre lazy fYUwrUn lyuma/. (Lazy embraces the star) ---> xU rre lazy fYUwrUneh lyuma/. (Lazy is being embraced by the star)
Unlike in English or Japanese, you don't need a particle to indicate the action's performer (no need to add "by" like English or change "wo" to "ni" like Japanese).
Desirative Form
When you want to say "want to do something" in Pastalia (usually more like "want to be able to do something"), add "aye" after the verb.
Example:
xA rre lazy hYEmmrEaye hymmnos/. (Lazy wants (to be able to) sing a song)
Negative Form
Adding "zz" infront of an emotion verb or a noun means the negative of it.
Example:
hYOmmrU/. (I sing) ---> zz hYOmmrU/. (I don't sing)
arhou (hope) ---> zz arhou (hopelessness, despair)
Quotation
To "quote", put your sentence in :/ and /: (looks like some sort of un-smiley face). The /: replaces the /. at the end of sentence too.
Example:
- /sYAlE yor/: ("I believe in you")
And
The word "en" can be used the same way as our normal "and". Just use it when you think it fits, or use it in the same way as the comma ","
Bare Verb
As I said, the main element of a Pastalia sentence is emotion verb, but sometimes when the action is being performed without emotion, like a machine, or in unconscious state, you can use bare verb as well, though this is uncommon. Note that if "I" is not the subject, then you still need an emotion vowel for the subject definer.
Example:
xA rre lazy h.m.m.r./. (Lazy sings without any emotion)
Note: The next kind of advanced grammar; and this one are different.
Verb treated as subject
Also known as "clause" in English. Let's say, directly from the lyrics of METHOD_REPLEKIA/. we have these lines:
xA harr hLYUmLYUmOrO eje/. (She sings (the song of) her heart)
xA sorr kLYUvLYUr du qejyu/. (Her song covers the people)
By now you should be able to understand the above 2 sentences.
Now let's say we combine them into 1 sentence... There are 2 situations, "Her singing covers the people" and "Her singing of her heart covers the people".
First situation is very easy, the "clause" doesn't contain the object "eje", and you can combine them to this:
xA harr hLYUmLYUmOrO kLYUvLYUr du qejyu/.
Note that the "xA" expresses the emotion of the main sentence, so if the second original sentence was xU sorr kLYUvLYUr du qejyu/. then the result would be:
xU harr hLYUmLYUmOrO kLYUvLYUr du qejyu/.
Second situation is a pain... I'll just give you the example result first: xA harr h.m.m.r. eje kLYUvLYUr du qejyu/.
If you add in the object "eje", you have to remove the emotion from the "hLYUmLYUmOrO" verb, to prevent mistaking information between the 2 clauses. Why remove emotion vowels from that verb, and not "kLYUvLYUr" verb? Because the latter is the main verb of the sentence, which is more important, and must have emotion.
Another example:
xN rre hLYImLYUmOrO a.u.k. zess quesa/. (Her singing is like thunder)
"a.u.k." is the "to be" verb, and "zess" means "similar to". This is your standard type of comparison sentence, in which "a.u.k." usually has its emotion removed due to it being the "to be" that usually doesn't have emotion, unless it's the main verb in sentence (Example, aEuk lazy/. means "I am (happy to be) Lazy).
Verb Used as Object
What could be worse when you want to say "I embrace her singing of her heart"? Is it fEwrEn harr h.m.m.r. eje/.? No. It is:
fEwrEn x. harr h.m.m.r. eje/.
Yes, the subject definer is used in bare form here as well. This only happen when the "clause" is used as object, and only when the subject of the clause is not "I" so that subject definer has to be used in that "clause".
Another example:
xA rre lazy fEwrEn x. harr h.m.m.r. eje/. (Lazy embraces her singing of her heart)
Even when no object is needed for the clause, you STILL need to remove the emotion vowels for the subject definer AND verb. Example:
xA rre lazy fEwrEn x. harr h.m.m.r./. (Lazy embraces her singing) (This does not mean that Lazy is a "her", we're talking about a particular "her", so please don't be mistaken)
What if it's "I embrace my singing of my heart"?
fEwrEn h.m.m.r. eje/.
But if you want to emphasize the "I" in the object clause:
fEwrEn x. rre mea h.m.m.r. eje/.
One Subject With Multiple Verbs
I'll just give you the example, since this part it's insanely hard:
xA sorr mLYOrArA du sphaela/. (Her singing reflects this world)
xO rre mLYOtOyOyO giz wOsLYI du giz/. (Her singing creates terror, gives birth to terror)
You see, on the second sentence there are two verbs in one sentence, this is not "clause" but just a normal sentence with more than one verb, thus I add the comma "," inbetween the two verbs. You also notice (do you?) that the second sentence seems not to have a subject, after "rre" it jumps right to the first verb. Well, I can only say like this: In case of multiple verbs in a sentence, the last subject is supposed to be implied to this sentence, provided that you add subject definer and "rre" to it.
Xc=ABC -> XYZ/.
The -> is NOT the same as the one in Binasphere. Your standard "If...then..." with a small notice: Both "if" and "then" clause must have the same subject, and that must be the subject from the last sentence.
Example:
aEuk lazy/. (I am Lazy)
Xc=hLYEmYEmArA -> cEzLYE hymmnos/. (If I sing then I will become a song)
When the subject is not "I" then there won't be any subject definer on the Xc= and -> phrases, since that's carried over from the above sentence too.
<-x
There are two uses of "<-x". For the first use, let's take a look at an example from the song MIO:
zz arhou, balduo, ujes, Oqejyu, xA rre <-x aYAuAkN kajya LYAglansee qejyu/.
(Despair, darkness, malicious minds, hated people, THESE are also necessary for our hearts)
Basically, "xA rre <-x" replaces one or a couple of things you just listed out earlier. "xA rre <-x" works like "this" or "these" in English.
However, "<-x" can also be used when you want to replace a phrase, not just nouns. When you replace a phrase, put the phrase in front, then add "<-x". This is in fact the third way to combine 2 sentences that share a phrase.
Maybe an example should be better. When you want to say "I feel sad about the fact that Lazy's happily singing (a song) becomes a star" you have three methods...
- First method: Using "sorr". This forces you to use 2 sentences but also allows you to express a different emotion for each sentence.
xE rre Lazy hYEmmEr hymmnos/.
xU sorr cEzE lyuma/.
- Second method: Treat the phrase "Lazy's singing a song" as a verb.
xU rre Lazy h.m.m.r. hymmnos cEzE lyuma/.
- Third method: Using "<-x".
xE rre Lazy hYEmmEr hymmnos <-x cEzE lyuma
I hope the example is easy enough to understand. Take note that the subject definer in the second method is "xU" while the third method is "xE". They only express either emotion from either original sentence.
The above example is actually complex since the subject of the first sentence is not "I". Another easier example: "My happily singing (a song) becomes a star".
hYEmmAr hymmnos <-x cEzE lyuma/.
Unfortunately, due to the limit of the "<-x" grammar, you cannot express your feeling about the fact in the sentence (so "I feel sad about my..." and "I feel happy about my..." are the same when you use this type of grammar).
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